Voici une description rapide des services standard J2EE.
HTTP
L’API cliente HTTP est fournie par le package java.net.
L’API server HTTP est fournie par les interfaces JSP et les servlets.
HTTPS
L’utilisation du protocole HTTP sur le protocole SSL est supportée par les mêmes API que HTTP.
Java™ Transaction API (JTA)
L’API Java Transaction API se compose de deux parties :
Une interface de démarcation de niveau applicatif qui est utilisée par les conteneurs et les compensants applicatifs pour délimiter des frontières des transactions.
Une interface entre le gestionnaire de transaction et le gestionnaire de ressources utilisé au niveau de J2EE SPI level (dans une prochaine version)
RMI-IIOP
Le sous système RMI-IIOP est composé d’API qui permettent d’utiliser le style de programmation RMI qui est indépendant du protocole sous jacent, ainsi que d’une implémentation de ces API qui supporte le protocole RMI J2SE (JRMP) et le protocole CORBA IIOP. Les applications J2SE peuvent utiliser RMI-IIOP avec le support du protocole IIOP pour accéder a de services CORBA compatibles avec les normes RMI.
De tels services CORBA sont généralement définis par des composants qui résident en dehors d’un produit J2EE (généralement historique) Seuls les clients applicatifs J2EE doivent définir leur propre services CORBA à l’aide des API RMI-IIOP. Généralement ces objets CORBA sont utilisés pour les appels à d’autres objets CORBA
Les applications J2EE doivent utiliser les API RMI-IIOP (spécialement la méthode javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject) pour accéder à des composants Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB). Cela permet aux EJB d’etre indépendants du protocole. Par ailleurs les produits J2EE doivent être capables d’exporter les Enterprise Beans en utilisant le protocole IIOP, et d’accéder aux Enterprise Beans en utilisant ce même protocole, comme spécifié dans les normes J2EE.
La possibilité d’utiliser le protocole IIOP est obligatoire pour permettre l’interopérabilité entre les produits J2EE, cependant ces dernières peuvent également utiliser d’autres protocoles.
Java IDL
Java IDL permet aux composants applicatifs J2EE d’invoquer des objets externes CORBA en utilisant le protocole IIOP. Ces objets CORBA peuvent etre écrits en utilisant n’importe que langage et ne pas faire partie de produits J2EE.
JDBC™
L’API JDBC peremt de gérer la connecticvité avec les bases de données. Cette API est composée de deux parties : une interface de niveau applicatif permettant aux composants applicatifs d’accéder aux bases de données et une interface ’service provide’ permettant d’attacher un driver JDBC à une plateforme J2EE.
Java™ Message Service (JMS)
Le service Java Message est une API standard de messaging qui supporte le point a point ainsi que le modele de publication. Cette spécification demande que ces deux type de messages soient implémentés.
Java Naming and Directory Interface™ (JNDI)
The JNDI API is the standard API for naming and directory access. The JNDI API
has two parts: an application-level interface used by the application components to
access naming and directory services and a service provider interface to attach a
provider of a naming and directory service.
J2EE.2.6.9 JavaMail™
Many Internet applications require the ability to send email notifications, so the
J2EE platform includes the JavaMail API along with a JavaMail service provider
that allows an application component to send Internet mail. The JavaMail API has
two parts: an application-level interface used by the application components to send
mail, and a service provider interface used at the J2EE SPI level.
J2EE.2.6.10 JavaBeans™ Activation Framework (JAF)
The JAF API provides a framework for handling data in different MIME types,
originating in different formats and locations. The JavaMail API makes use of the
JAF API, so it must be included as well.
J2EE.2.6.11 Java™ API for XML Parsing (JAXP)
JAXP provides support for the industry standard SAX and DOM APIs for parsing
XML documents, as well as support for XSLT transform engines.
PLATFORM OVERVIEW 12
J2EE.2.6.12 J2EE™ Connector Architecture
The Connector architecture is a J2EE SPI that allows resource adapters that support
access to Enterprise Information Systems to be plugged in to any J2EE product. The
Connector architecture defines a standard set of system-level contracts between a
J2EE server and a resource adapter. The standard contracts include:
• A connection management contract that lets a J2EE server pool connections to
an underlying EIS, and lets application components connect to an EIS. This
leads to a scalable application environment that can support a large number of
clients requiring access to EIS systems.
• A transaction management contract between the transaction manager and an
EIS that supports transactional access to EIS resource managers. This contract
lets a J2EE server use a transaction manager to manage transactions across
multiple resource managers. This contract also supports transactions that are
managed internal to an EIS resource manager without the necessity of involving
an external transaction manager.
• A security contract that enables secure access to an EIS. This contract provides
support for a secure application environment, which reduces security
threats to the EIS and protects valuable information resources managed by the
EIS.
• A thread management contract that allows a resource adapter to delegate work
to other threads and allows the application server to manage a pool of threads.
The resource adapter can control the security context and transaction context
used by the worker thread.
• A contract that allows a resource adapter to deliver messages to message driven
beans independent of the specific messaging style, messaging semantics,
and messaging infrastructure used to deliver messages. This contract also
serves as the standard message provider pluggability contract that allows a
message provider to be plugged into any J2EE server via a resource adapter.
• A contract that allows a resource adapter to propagate an imported transaction
context to the J2EE server such that its interactions with the server and any
application components are part of the imported transaction. This contract
preserves the ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) properties of
the imported transaction.
• An optional contract providing a generic command interface between an application
program and a resource adapter.
J2EE Standard Services 13
J2EE.2.6.13 Security Services
The Java™ Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) enables services to
authenticate and enforce access controls upon users. It implements a Java
technology version of the standard Plugable Authentication Module (PAM)
framework, and extends the access control architecture of the Java 2 Platform in a
compatible fashion to support user-based authorization. The Java™ Authorization
Service Provider Contract for Containers (JACC) defines a contract between a J2EE
application server and an authroization service provider, allowing custom
authorization service providers to be plugged into any J2EE product.
J2EE.2.6.14 Web Services
J2EE provides full support for both clients of web services as well as web service
endpoints. Several Java technologies work together to provide support for web
services. The Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC) provides support for web
service calls using the SOAP/HTTP protocol. JAX-RPC defines the mapping
between Java classes and XML as used in SOAP RPC calls. The SOAP with
Attachments API for Java (SAAJ) provides support for manipulating low level
SOAP messages. The Web Services for J2EE specification fully defines the
deployment of web service clients and web service endpoints in J2EE, as well as the
implementation of web service endpoints using enterprise beans. The Java API for
XML Registries (JAXR) provides client access to XML registry servers.
J2EE.2.6.15 Management
The Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Management Specification defines APIs for
managing J2EE servers using a special management enterprise bean. The Java™
Management Extensions (JMX) API is also used to provide some management
support.
J2EE.2.6.16 Deployment
The Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Deployment Specification defines a contract
between deployment tools and J2EE products. The J2EE products provide plug-in
components that run in the deployment tool and allow the deployment tool to deploy
PLATFORM OVERVIEW 14
applications into the J2EE product. The deployment tool provides services used by
these plug-in components.
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